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HSK 5: Understand More, Take the Discussion Further
Grammar
HSK 5: Understand More, Take the Discussion Further
Grammar
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Manner adverbs: 尽量 and 亲自
尽量 + 谓语 / 亲自 + 谓语
尽量 means doing as much as possible within practical limits; 亲自 means the person does it personally rather than through someone else.
The preposition 凭
凭 + 依据 + 谓语
凭 introduces the condition, document, ability, or basis relied on for an action, equivalent to “by relying on” or “on the basis of.”
从…来看
从 + 角度/依据 + 来看，+ 判断
从…来看 first specifies the viewpoint, evidence, or scope from which a judgment is made.
Once …, then …
一旦 + 条件，就 + 结果
一旦 introduces a not-yet-realized but possible condition with significant consequences; 就 introduces the resulting consequence.
Hypothetical “万一…，(就)…”
万一+分句A，（就）+分句B
Supposes an unlikely but precaution-worthy event and states its consequence or response.
Alternative-consequence “…, 要不然/不然…”
分句A，要不然/不然+分句B
First states a required action or condition, then uses 要不然 or 不然 for the consequence if it is not met.
Degree adverbs: 过于, 相当, 较, 可, 格外, 极其
程度副词 + 形容词/心理动词
These modify adjectives or mental verbs with different strengths: 较 is moderate, 相当/格外 strong, 极其 extreme, 过于 often excessive, and 可 intensifies exclamation.
以及 and conjunction 同
A，以及 B / A 同 B + 谓语
以及 links coordinated items, often introducing the last one; conjunction 同 means “and/with” and is more formal.
A的A, B的B
A + 的 + A，B + 的 + B
A的A, B的B repeats two actions or states to depict people doing different things, often a busy, scattered, or divided scene.
Opportunity-taking “不X白不X”
不+X+白不+X
Says that it would be a waste not to take advantage of an available opportunity.
Alternative compound sentence with 或是…或是…
或是+分句A，或是+分句B
Presents two or more possible choices, causes, or judgments without deciding one in advance.
Not only not…, but instead…
不但不 + 谓语，反而 + 结果 / 不但没有 + 内容，反而 + 结果
This construction first negates an expected result, then 反而 introduces the actual result, which is contrary to expectation and goes further.
Time adverbs: 曾经, 即将, 渐渐, etc.
时间副词 + 谓语
These adverbs locate an action in time, stage, or urgency: 曾经 refers to past experience, 即将 to the near future, 渐渐 to gradual change, and 始终 to continuity throughout.
Prepositions 朝 and 沿（着）
朝 + 方向/对象 + 动词 / 沿（着）+ 路线 + 动词
朝 introduces the direction an action faces or moves toward; 沿（着） introduces the route or edge along which it proceeds.
从而/因而 for results
原因/条件，从而 + 结果 / 原因，因而 + 结果
从而 and 因而 connect a cause or condition to its result; 从而 stresses the resulting development, while 因而 directly marks causation.
可见 for inference
事实/证据，可见 + 推论
可见 follows facts or evidence and introduces a conclusion drawn from them, meaning “from this we can see.”
假如…, (就)…
假如 + 条件，（就）+ 结果
假如 introduces a hypothetical condition not yet factual; the following clause gives its result. 就 is common but optional.
总之 for summary
前述内容。总之，+ 总结
总之 summarizes preceding facts, reasons, or discussion and introduces an overall conclusion.
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